The Need for External Acknowledgement Essay Example

The Need for External Acknowledgement Essay Shakespeare hints at Learns brewing identity crisis when Reagan clarifies that Learns problem is not only his age, but also his self-identity. Reagan states: Its the infirmity of his age, yet he hath ever but slenderer known himself (1. 1. 294-5). Later Lear questions Kent in disguise as the servant Caucus. Lear states: Dost thou know me, fellow (1. 4. 26)? 2 Another hint of Learns impending identity crisis comes when Goner states: These dispositions, which of late transport you From what you rightly are. (1. 4. 213-4) The identity crisis becomes clear when later in Act 1, Lear states: Does any here know me? Why, this is not Lear. Who is it that can tell me who I am? (1. 4. 217-21) Friedman, Thomas. Power is Fleeting, Baker Reflects, The New York Times, February 2, 1990. Secretary of State James Baker describes his reaction to seeing a former White House Chief of Staff from a prior administration, walking alone on the street without any of the trappings of power. !2 Shakespeare, William. King Lear. In The Arden Shakespeare King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014. All future references to the text of the play will refer to this edition by listing the (Act/scene/line numbers). As he divides his kingdom and abdicates his throne, Lear tries to maintain a sense of elf-identity despite being surrounded by a changing political and social environment. Eventually Lear slips into madness as he struggles with a crisis of identity. Lear cannot resolve his identity crisis until he relinquishes his old self and accepts a new concept of selfless. Examining Learns dialog with Poor Tom, illuminates Shakespearean method of communicating to the audience how and why Lear resolves his identity crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for External Acknowledgement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for External Acknowledgement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for External Acknowledgement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer More illuminating than considering Learns identity crisis through standard literary critical analysis, one can better understand Learns struggle through a philosophical lens. The philosophical ideas George Wilhelm Frederica Hedges regarding the formation of selfless, helps explain how Shakespeare presents his theme of self- discovery in King Lear. Hegel contends that inwardness of selfless can only develop in an environment which includes external social interaction. 3 As Lear encounters the storm, he finds himself at the peak of his psychological struggle. The storm prepares Lear to face his identity crisis. When Lear seeks shelter from the storm in the hovel, he still holds on to a vestige of his former identity. Through his conversation with Poor Tom, Lear eventually emerges from the hovel enlightened and transformed with a new self-identity. Thus, through a Hegelian lens, King Lear is a play about social interaction and human nature. Consistent with Hedges philosophy regarding the formation of selfless, Poor Tom serves as the necessary external interaction which Lear requires to unify his internal and external selfless. This paper argues that Shakespeare uses Poor Toms feint at madness as a means for Hegel, George Wilhelm Frederica. Phenomenology of Spirit, The Norton Anthology of Theory Criticism. 2nd deed. Deed. Vincent B. Letch, New York: Norton, 2010. P. 541 . Lear to come into knowledge which enables Lear to resolve his identity crisis. Additionally this paper extends the argument by stating that without any interaction with a person independent of the kings former court, Lear c ould not achieve a new self-identity. Hedges Philosophy of Self-consciousness The philosophy of self-consciousness as expressed in Hedges essay Phenomenology of Spirit helps clarify how Lear resolves his identity crisis. A brief description of Hedges ideas on selfless explain the connection to Learns self-discovery. Hegel asserts that, achieving solicitousness requires the acknowledgement of the internal selfless by an external other. Hegel states: self-consciousness exists in and for itself when, and by the fact that, it so exists for another; that is, it exists only in being acknowledged. 4 In defining selfless as a two-step process, Hegel asserts that the self has an internal component consisting of a conception of selfless and an external component consisting of a recognition of that selfless by another person. Thus, Hegel asserts achieving and maintaining self- identity requires uniting the internal and external views of selfless into a singular self-identity. Hegel states: the notion of this its unity in its duplication. 5 The duplication of selfless stems from a struggle for oneness which forces an adaptation in self-identity. 6 Thus, Hegel contends the resolution of an identity crisis cannot take place solely in the mind of one individual. Resolving an identity crisis requires external feedback. 14 Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit, The Norton Anthology of Theory Criticism. . 541 . 15 16 Taking a Hegelian approach to Learns identity crisis, Lear must interact with and receive acknowledgement from another person, whom Lear perceives as not having a connection to the Kings former selfless. As a disposed king, Learns identity crisis mains linked to the void created when he loses the trappings of power associated with his roles as sovereign and father. Learns loss of political and family iden tity, creates a crisis that pushes him psychologically into unknown territory. Although not considering Shakespeare through a Hegelian lens, William Flesh indirectly supports this view in arguing that Shakespeare had an interest in phenomenology. Flesh asserts: In Shakespearean plays self-origination manifests itself most fully under the pressure of loss. 7 In order to resolve his identity crisis, Lear must break free from what he knows and embrace the unknown. The external feedback Lear receives prior to his interaction with Poor Tom, only reminds the disposed king of who he once was, not who he can now become. Lear needs a completely new external source of acknowledgment not linked to his former roles as king and father. Such an external source of acknowledgement offers Lear a means by which he can readjust his selfless. A readjustment that can only come about without a connection to his already internalized former self-identity. Lear needs an interaction which can provide a new frame of knowledge in order to develop an entirely new understanding of his self. A close examination of the play, reveals that Lear experiences such an interaction through his dialog with Poor Tom. The Storm: Preparing Lear to Encounter Poor Tom 17 Flesh, William. Generosity and the Limits of Authority: Shakespeare, Herbert, Milton. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992. P. 87. By the time Lear meets Poor Tom, Shakespeare has already prepped Lear for his direct interaction with a representation of the common man from the lowest level within British society. In addition, Shakespeare provides the audience with a glimpse of Lear accepting an initial change in his selfless. The storm sets the stage for Learns pivotal encounter with Poor Tom. The storm causes Lear to accept a deterioration or softening of his hardened selfless which he forged during his time wielding the power of an absolute monarch. Through the softening of his hardened selfless, Lear prepares to establish a new self-identity. During the storm, Lear comes to understand that as King of Britain, he ignored the daily struggles faced by the masses in Britain. In acknowledging the struggling masses, Lear takes a major step forward in acknowledging his own humanity and toward discovering his limits as a man. Only through his inward exploration, does Lear begin to find the self he was enable to experience as a king. As one can surmise, as king, Lear remained too focused on the hard calculated decisions of maintaining political power and wealth. But through the extremes of the storm, Learns hardened selfless starts to soften. Initially Lear only feels sorry for himself and seeks revenge by challenging nature to destroy the entire world, but as the storm continues, Lear is able to develop empathy for others. In gaining the ability to express empathy, Lear opens himself to the community necessary to achieve self-discovery. Lear in stubbornness refuses to return to Gloucester home and enter back into invitation with his daughters. Kent tries in vain to let Lear, allow him to go back to his daughters and ask if Lear may reenter the home and get out of the cold wet storm. Kent makes requests to Lear: Gracious my lord, hard by here is a hovel Some Friendship will it lend you against the tempest Repose you there, while I to this hard house More harder than the stones whereof its raised Which even but now, demanding after you, Denied me to come in return and force Their scanted courtesy. (3. 2. 61-7) Lear stands in the rain right near Gloucester home, but he refuses to return and work through his issues with his daughters. Even the Fool requests for Lear to be reasonable and go back to his daughters to get out of the cold rain of the storm. The Fool states: O, uncle, court holy water in a dry house is better than this rain-water out door. Good uncle, in and ask thy daughters blessing. Heres a night pities neither wise men nor fools At this point in the play, Lear does not have the ability to be flexible to discuss the issue with his daughters. As king, Lear did not need to negotiate and compromise. By holding on to a selflessness associated with power, Lear cannot act like a common man living in a community with others. By staying out in the storm, Lear isolates himself both physically and mentally. Shakespeare uses the storm to highlight Learns inability to confront human nature resulting in Learns inability to live amongst others. When Lear can no longer demand his wishes and force others to bend to his will, Lear storms off into an actual storm. Considering King Lear through a Hegelian lens, Learns inability to thrive as a member of a community, stands clear as the reason why Lear struggles with an identity crisis. Without the social skills required to connect with an external other and gain acknowledgement for his new selfless, Lear is initially unable to readjust his self-identity. Initially facing the storm, Lear remains defiant. He refuses to acknowledge that his present place in the world, no longer reflects his personal perception of his place in the world. As an absolute monarch, Lear lived in a world that was not the reality of most men. Now as a deposed king, Lear must face the reality of the world as do ordinary men. Such an absolute change in his life gives a shock to Learns mental stability. The storm represents a physical manifestation of the violent change taking place in his life. The storm represents the psychological storm raging in Learns subconscious. As he protests against his loss of power and status, so does Lear protest its physical manifestation represented by the storm. In seeking revenge, Lear assumes a king like posture in ordering nature to do his bidding. Lear states: Blow winds and crack and crack your checks! Rage, blow! You cataracts and hurricanes, spout Till you have drench our steeples, drown the socks! Vault-courses of oak-cleaving thunderbolts, Singe my white head! And thou all shaking thunder, Strike flat the thick rotundity the world Crack natures moulds, germens spill at once That make ungrateful man! (3. 2. -9) Learns voice remains constant in the manner by which he commands nature to act. Lear demonstrates that his actions are still driven by his self-identity as a powerful man capable of and in the habit of issuing commands and being obeyed. At this point in the play, Learns voice provides insight into his social interaction. Lear lacks the ability to interact well with others as he still considers himself as retaining the power of an absolute monarch. As if he were still king, Lear expects his communication with others to be relatively one sided and in his favor. In this key passage (3. . -9), Lear reveals the frustration of his identity crisis. He asks the gods for a natural disaster to make society pay for the injustice he suffers under the mistreatment of his daughters. Near the end of the passage, Lear strikes more directly at woman in venting his anger with Reagan and General. In using the term thick rotundity, Lear describes the world as a pregnant woman. 8 In using natures moulds, Lear describes a womans womb. Here Lear displays his misogynistic attitude which does not highlight his rage toward mankind, but actually highlights his anger toward his daughters. Learns rage toward his gutters reinforces that his selfless remains trapped in the same position he was at the beginning of the play. Trapped in a selfless linked to his identity as a powerful king and father, Lear seeks revenge for the threat to this self-identity. Lear seeks revenge against Reagan and General for his decline in power and their rejection of him as their aged father. Lear states: I am a man More sinned against than sinning. (3. 2. 58-9) Learns rage reveals that he is not yet a broken man. His over-the-top language clearly communicates his delusion as to the grand position which he still believes that he olds. Lear clearly states that he wants Reagan and General to feel his wrath. Lear states: l will punish home (3. 4. 16). At this point in the play, what does not happen to Lear is a shift in his self-identity. A shift which his new political and family situations actually necessitate. Without an adjustment in self-identity, Lear feels himself falling into madness. Lear states: My wits begin to turn (3. 2. 68). What happens to Lear is a slide into madness as he fixates on his mistreatment at the hands of Reagan and General. Without a shift in self-identity Lear broods over the perceived injustice of hat Reagan and General have done to him, and he loses touch with reality. Lear states: O, Reagan, General, Your old, kind father, whose frank heart gave you all! 8 263. Editors note: Fakes, R. A. , deed. , The Arden Shakespeare: King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014, p. O, that way madness lies (3. 4. 19-21) As the storm continues, Learns hardened selfless softens. In trying to stave off madness, Lear shifts his focus away from his desire for retribution against Reagan and Goner. No longer fixated on his desire for vengeance against his daughters, Lear finally speaks of the common people in England. Lear shifts his focus from his psychological offering to his physical suffering. His physical suffering breaks down his hardened resolve to maintain his selfless unchanged by recent events. Lear states: Poor naked wretches, wherefores you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, How shall your housefuls heads and unfed sides Your looped and windowed raggedness, defend you From seasons such as these? (3. 4. 28-32) Cold and wet, Lear experiences the suffering and pains of the commoners first hand. His physical suffering forces Lear to think beyond himself and feel sympathy for others. Instead of seeking retribution against his daughters, now Lear thinks of his rime in ignoring the harsh plight of his subjects. In a true moment of introspection Lear faults his tenure as king. Removed from the people he ruled, Lear focused more on courtly endeavors than humanity. Lear states: O I have eaten Too little care of this. (3. 4. 32-3) When focused on revenge, Learns thinks from a perspective of self-centered desire. When Lear concludes he did not govern well as king, he thinks from a perspective of compassion and a sense of community. Shakespeare has Lear come to understand the poor naked wretches, to prepare Lear for his encounter with Poor Tom. In exposing Lear to the suffering of humans when tripped away of all protection of civilization, Lear can know understand Poor Tom and develop a kinship with Poor Tom. Lear states: Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel, That thou mast shake the superglue to them And show the heavens more Just. (3. 4. 34-6) Without Learns enlightenment regarding the poor naked wretches, Lear would not be able to develop a community with Poor Tom. The first step in preparing for an adjustment in selectivity requires a willingness to seek community. Lear cannot receive external acknowledgement for a new self-identity without first developing an openness to community. In feeling the pain of the cold storm, Lear engages his senses that all humans have in common. In connecting with his basic human senses, Lear becomes more open to enter into a community with an external other. From a Hegelian approach the storm clearly prepares Lear to adjust his self-identity. Before the storm, Learns hardened self-identity remained focused on his self-interest. As a powerful king all Lear focused on was maintaining and wielding power. Before the storm the former king remains rigid in holding onto his self-identity associated with power. At the start of the storm a zeal for revenge represents the only emotion which Lear can summon. In discovering he was remiss in not caring for his common subjects, Lear softens and opens himself to an adjustment in his self-identity. By the end of the storm, Lear can now display the emotions of empathy and guilt. Lear is now a less rigid character and assumes a range of flexibility with his emotions. Shakespeare uses the storm not as a moment of rebirth for Learns personality, but as a moment of psychological breakdown. Only through breaking down his strong self- identity could Shakespeare prepare the character to finally resolve his identity crisis. Following Learns feting in the storm, Lear engages Poor Tom from a more malleable psychological state than the Lear who argued with Reagan and Goner. Inside the Hovel: Establishing a Community Inside the hovel, Lear interacts with a person he considers his equal. Lear finds himself on par with Poor Tom. Unlike the Fool, whom Lear considers one of the trappings of his former power, Lear perceives Poor Tom as a psychologically troubled person Just like himself. In identifying with Poor Tom, Lear can finally gain the knowledge to free himself from constriction of his former conception of selfless. Lear redefines himself by his own humanity rather than by his former wealth, status, and privilege. Poor Tom replaces the Fool as the foil to Learns outward conversations with himself. Shakespeare uses these conversations as a means for allowing the audience access to the psychological struggle taking place inside the mind of Lear. In other words, the drama within a drama which plays out in Learns self-conscious. The dialog between Lear and Poor Tom in the hovel does little to move the plot forward other than resolving Learns identity crisis. While he does not link King Lear to Hedges hilltops on selfless, literary critic James Carney does support this point when he asserts: Shakespeare gives us a scene? completely unmotivated in terms of its significance to the plot?in which Lear responds viscerally to his exposure to the laterality of the other person. 9 Only through Poor Toms madness, does Lear find what he perceives as an external equal to provide acknowledgment for Learns newly formed internal definition of selfless. 19 Kerrey, James. Phenomenology and Ethics This is above all strangeness: King Lear, Ethics, and the Phenomenology of Recognition in Criticism, Summer 2012, Volvo. 54, No. 3, p. 457. But, can Lear, in his own state of madness, recognize Poor Tom as a madman and consider Poor Tom his equal from who he can gain knowledge? Professor R. A. Folks, of UCLA, contends that Edgers disguise as a mad beggar does not influence Learns interaction with Poor Tom. In his introduction to The Arden Shakespeare King Lear, Folks argues: Edgers masquerade as the possessed Poor Tom is pretty much confined to one scene, and has little or no effect on the mad Lear, who sees him as a learned Thebes10 (102). I reject Folklores argument based on Learns initial perception of Poor Tom as being driven to madness by the neglect of his daughters. While Lear does not consider Poor Tom as possessed by the devil, he does perceive Poor Tom as psychologically troubled. Lear states: Didst thou give all to thy two daughters? And art thou come to this (3. 4. 48-9). In first seeing Poor Tom as a suffering creature shivering in the hovel without clothes, Lear projects his own problems and madness onto Poor Tom. In my view, Folks overlooks the value placed on Learns first assessment of Tom as a madman Just like himself. In his unity of effort, Shakespeare intentionally has Lear first bond with Poor Tom as one madman to another madman. Only through bonding on some level of equality an Lear become open to gaining knowledge from Poor Tom. One critic even argues that in his suffering as an outcast, the disguised Edgar may also suffer an identity crisis propelling him into madness. Emollient Bell argues that Edgers assumed madness becomes indistinguishable from the frantic despair to which he has been driven. el As the former king, Lear must find a manner in which to Fakes, R. A. , deed. , Introduction in The Arden Shakespeare: King Lear, New York: Bloomberg, 2014, Bell, Emollient. Naked Lear, in Raritan, Spring 2004, Volvo 23, No 4, up. 55-70. P. 102. Connect with Poor Tom as a wise man. Before Lear can philosophize with Poor Tom, Lear first must consider Poor Tom as an equal. In finding an equal, Lear can end his self-imposed solitude and enter into a community. Through a community Lear can finally end his identity crisis by gaining external acceptance for his selfless. In encountering a near naked man, Lear finds himself connected to Poor Toms base humanity. Poor Tom represents the true nature of humanity stripped down to the essential. Poor Tom represents the image of Lear stripped away of all the trappings of wealth and power which he had known while he was king. After his experience in he storm, Lear can identify with Poor Tom as a poor naked wretch. During his time in the hovel, Lear refers to Poor Tom as the thing itself (3. . 104). Lear refers to Poor Tom as representative of human poverty. In his perception of Poor Tom as humankind without the varnish of society, Lear finds the common ground which allows him to establish a community with Poor Tom. A key aspect to Poor Tom representing humanity in a base form is the connection of Poor Tom to nature. Shakespeare hints at Poor Toms strong connection to nature early in the play. When Ed mund discusses how planetary influence explains his evil tendencies, he ascribes himself using the attributes of a mad beggar (1. 2. 125). Edmund states: My cue is villainous melancholy, with a sigh like Tom bedlam (1. 2. 135-6). By linking the mad beggar with astrology, Shakespeare indirectly hints at a link between Poor Tom and nature. When Edgar describes how he will disguise himself, the description invokes images of an animal. Edgar states: To take the barest and most poorest shape That ever penury in contempt of man Brought near beast. My face Ill grime in filth, Blanket my loins, elf all my hair in knots (2. 2. 178-80) When Poor Tom describes the eating of small prey, he describes himself as an animal. He states: Poor Tom eats the swimming frog, the toad, the tadpole, the wall- newt (3. 4. 125-6). Linking Poor Tom to nature reinforces the character as a representation of humankind at a base level without the comforts of society. After experiencing the storm, Lear finds the unvarnished truth of the human condition in Poor Toms unvarnished appearance and vulnerable existence. Poor Tom serves as a mirror by which Lear can see his own interpretation of the world. In further defining his initial perception of Poor Tom, Lear states: Have his daughters brought him to this pass?

Leukocytes Essays - Cell Biology, Immune System, Granulocytes

Leukocytes Essays - Cell Biology, Immune System, Granulocytes Leukocytes Leukocytes and the leukocyte differential count To consider the leukocytes together as a group is something of a granfalloon, because each type of leukocyte has its own function and ontogeny semi-independent of the others. To measure the total leukocyte count and allow this term to mean anything to the doctor is a travesty, yet the wbc count has traditionally been considered a cardinal measurement in a routine laboratory workup for just about any condition. I cannot emphasize too much that to evaluate critically the hematologic status of a patient, one must consider the individual absolute counts of each of the leukocyte types rather than the total wbc count. For such a critical evaluation, the first step is to order a wbc count with differential. In many labs, the result will be reported as a relative differential, something like this: WBC 6000/L segmented neutrophils 60% band neutrophils 2% lymphocytes 25% monocytes 8% eosinophils 3% basophils 2% Your first task is to multiply the wbc count by each of the percentages given for the cell types; this gives you an absolute differential. Now you're in business to get some idea as to the pathophysiologic status of the patient's blood and marrow. Thus, the illustration above becomes: WBC 6000/L segmented neutrophils 3600/L band neutrophils 120/L lymphocytes 1500/L monocytes 480/L eosinophils 180/L basophils 120/L The total wbc count is invariably done using an automated method. Routinely, the differential count is done by hand (i.e., through the microscope) in smaller labs, and by automated methods in larger facilities. The automated methods are amazingly accurate, considering the fine distinctions that must often be made in discerning one type of leukocyte from the other. One manufacturer's machine can quite reliably pick out one leukemic blast cell in eight hundred or more leukocytes. Now we shall consider each of the leukocyte types individually. A. Neutrophils The most populous of the circulating white cells, they are also the most short lived in circulation. After production and release by the marrow, they only circulate for about eight hours before proceeding to the tissues (via diapedesis), where they live for about a week, if all goes well. They are produced as a response to acute body stress, whether from infection, infarction, trauma, emotional distress, or other noxious stimuli. When called to a site of injury, they phagocytose invaders and other undesirable substances and usually kill themselves in the act of doing in the bad guys. Normally, the circulating neutrophil series consists only of band neutrophils and segmented neutrophils, the latter being the most mature type. In stress situations (i.e., the acute phase reaction), earlier forms (usually no earlier than myelocytes) can be seen in the blood. This picture is called a left shift. The band count has been used as an indicator of acute stress. In practice, band counts tend to be less than reliable due to tremendous interobserver variability, even among seasoned medical technologists, in discriminating bands from segs by microscopy. Other morphologic clues to acute stress may be more helpful: in the acute phase reaction, any of the neutrophil forms may develop deep blue cytoplasmic granules, vacuoles, and vague blue cytoplasmic inclusions called Dhle bodies, which consist of aggregates of ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. All of these features are easily seen (except possibly the Dhle bodies), even by neophytes. The normal range for neutrophil (band + seg) count is 1160 - 8300 /L for blacks, and 1700 - 8100 /L for other groups. Keeping in mind the lower expected low-end value for blacks will save you much time (and patients much expense and pain) over the course of your career. Obesity and cigarette smoking are associated an increased neutrophil count. It is said that for each pack per day of cigarettes smoked, the granulocyte count may be expected to rise by 1000 /L. B. Monocytes These large cells are actually more closely related to neutrophils than are the other granulocytes, the basophil and eosinophil. Monocytes and neutrophils share the same stem cell. Monocytes are to histiocytes (or macrophages) what Bruce Wayne is to Batman. They are produced by the marrow, circulate for five to eight days, and then enter the tissues where they are mysteriously transformed into histiocytes. Here they serve

ECONOMIC OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ECONOMIC OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 4 Limits To Growth 4 Mathematical Analysis 5 Role And Impact Of Technical Advancements 7 The Quality Of Life 7 Challenges 7 Transition To A Sustainable Economy 8 Conclusion 8 References 10 1. Introduction Barack Obama (27 March 2008) said, â€Å"I think all of us here today would acknowledge that we’ve lost that sense of shared prosperity†. With the escalating gap between the economy of nations and amongst the individuals of same nation, prosperity is declining. The definition of prosperity needs to be revisited considering the world’s limitation of resources. According to Jackson (2009), global economy is constrained by finite ecological limits. The flourishing of human society in context of ecological limits is not only an alternate vision but also a necessity. This is a finite world with limited resources. To add to this, the population is expected to rise to 9 billion [1] and even more within a span of just three decades. Having a vision of prosperity for such a scenario is the need of the hour. Jackson (2009) has scrutinized the assumption that whether growth is essential for prosperity or not. Herman Daly (2008) and others have continuously tried to put forward the notion of steady-state economy. Jackson’s Prosperity Without Growth (2009) has been a vital attempt on the same notion and following it there are considerable â€Å"De-growth† European movements (Latouche, 2007) and surfacing of organisations like CASSE (2010). These actions and notions are all in favour of removing the growth element from the current implications of the economy. The arguments against this idea constitutes primarily of the reforms of the consumer-capitalist society. However as per Trainer (2010), the consumer capitalist society cannot be fixed or reformed. Rather, it needs to be scrapped and then remade along different lines. 2. Limits to Growth There are some huge issues down the line and these include the compl ete consumption of the environment, resource depletion, war, conflicts and lessening of social bonding. The key cause behind this would be overconsumption. Fotopoulos (2007) comments on the â€Å"de-growth initiative† and states that people are currently trying to live at standards of affluence which are too high for all to share. This is leading to an unstable society and considering the environmental factors, the adversity of results can be well analysed. Considering the following two examples, it is clear that the there needs to be a limit set to the growth factor or else, there would be no prosperity at all. Example 1: As per World Wildlife Fund (2009), it takes around 8 hectares of potent land to supply water, food and settlement area for one individual in Australia. After three decades, considering the number of 9 billion, 72 billion hectares of potent land would be required. This is approximately 10 times of the land which would be available at that time. Example 2: Th e Green House issue is well addressed by Hansen (2008) and Meinschausen et al (2009). In order to discontinue carbon content present in the atmosphere, the CO2 eliminations would be required to be completely eliminated by possibly 2030. Such examples clearly explain that the rich people’s living standards would no longer be sustainable in the coming future. People are living in way which makes it completely impossible to share resources by all. 3. Mathematical

Logistics of Alexander the Great compared to modern day logistics Essay

Logistics of Alexander the Great compared to modern day logistics - Essay Example The meaning of logistics is that reaching right quantity of product or service at the right time for the right price. Its goals are to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies. Military logistics is the science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. Design and development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel are one aspect of the military logistics. It also includes movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel. For an effective logistics, acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, disposition of facilities and acquisition or furnishing of services should also given more concentration. Planning, implementation, controlling, efficiency, effective flow and storage of goods and services from point of production to ultimate destination is part of an effective logistic management. Supply chain management is a major thing in the logistics today. It includes logistical flows, customer order management, production process and the informational flows necessary to monitor all the activities at the supply chain nodes. Logistics is not at all a recent term. During ancient periods, there were logistics officers in military to manage logistics when army moves from one base to another. It means that logistics is an important factor in business, military and commercial production sectors. The proper management of logistics will help in reducing the cost and improve efficiency. ... For an effective logistics, acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation, disposition of facilities and acquisition or furnishing of services should also given more concentration. Planning, implementation, controlling, efficiency, effective flow and storage of goods and services from point of production to ultimate destination is part of an effective logistic management. Supply chain management is a major thing in the logistics today. It includes logistical flows, customer order management, production process and the informational flows necessary to monitor all the activities at the supply chain nodes. (Lummus RR Krumwiede DW, Vokurka, R.J. (2001)) Logistics is not at all a recent term. During ancient periods, there were logistics officers in military to manage logistics when army moves from one base to another. It means that logistics is an important factor in business, military and commercial production sectors. The proper management of logistics will help in reducing the cost, improve efficiency and confidence level of forces and increase the synchronisation of activities through out the supply chain. It works as a management support for cost bench marking. (http://logisticsworld.com/logistics.htm) Alexander the great, the empire who had a great success in war, had used logistics as a major tool for his military movements. His army was renowned for its efficiency, speed and lethality. His expedition through Asia is considered as the longest military operation ever witnessed. During these conquering and movements there need better and efficient movement rather supply for the large number of military people with Alexander. It is said that Alexander's success was in the efficient management of logistics. During that period carrying a large

Jane Eyre Childhood

Jane Eyre Childhood Jane Eyres childhood is a reflection of the Victorian era, children were to come across as innocent, virtuous and ignorant of intellectual opinion. However Janes early years lacked normal experiences primarily love necessary when growing up, resulting in a solitary and suffering child. Charlotte Brontё focuses on the feelings of hurt during Janes childhood in the first 10 chapters as she ventures from Gateshead and into the unknown fighting for a better future. Chap 1: From the beginning the audience has an insight to the emotions of the protagonist in the weather the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds sombre and a rain so penetrating that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question. This use of pathetic fallacy reflects her thoughts creating a sense of relief from the outcome of escaping the burden of her cousins. Her gratitude of the bad weather illustrates revulsion towards her cousins and the relationship they have. Nature imitates Janes life as a soulless black hole empty and miserable, ceaseless rain, similar to the cold and unwelcoming Reed family she must live with. In conjunction Ms Reed and Jane quarrel, pathetic fallacy impacts on the situation wind howling in the grove shows her fear of the Red Room and the prospects to come. This effect is a subtle hint for the future providing the reader with a vague forecast of the emotions unknown to Jane and the rest of the characters in the novel. During her time at Gateshead her position as a prisoner becomes more pronounced silver-white foliage veiling the panes as left room to look out enclosed and trapped in her suffering instead of being a respected and loved member of the family. From an early age Jane has acknowledged her physical inferiority to Eliza, John, and Georgiana Reed encouraged by Mrs Reed who resents her presence. The different classes are apparent by the different qualities they hold such as power, authority and wealth classing Jane at the bottom of the system. Along with this the Reed family exclude her from their daily lives, clustered round their mama illustrates their close and loving relationship as a family. In addition they are gathered around the fireside symbolising warmth and love among them although looks can be deceptive, looked perfectly happy is how the Reeds want to be perceived from afar. But in reality Mrs. Reed is a rich, pretentious and condescending woman, and her children are spoiled, cruel and rude. Bronte emphasizes Janes loneliness and lack of familial affection as a child helping the reader to understand how Jane progresses through her early years bounding on from strength to strength. Jane seeks happiness in books that are beyond her understanding yet the pictures capture her in a fairytale far from reality. This is a form of escapism for Jane protecting, but not separating me from the misery that is her life. Although she is engaged in another world it doesnt make her oblivious to what is going on in reality proving she has an inquisitive and curious nature later supported by other situations. The only form of happiness she has encountered is with books, and she feared nothing but interruption showing the simplicity of her happiness. She is dependent on the heartless Reed family but never on an equal level with her relatives. Jane detests being in the company of her cousins, I trembled at the idea of being dragged forth but John soon reminds her that you have no business to take our books, you are a dependent and a second class citizen again reinforcing the status superiority he has. John takes advantage of his position in the hierarchy system to mentally reinfor ce to Jane, that she is indebted to them and so has no right to intervene with their property. Throughout Charlotte Bronte emphasizes Janes sensitive nature and inner strength but she also displays courage and a sense of justice in her defense against John, Wicked and cruel boy!, You are like a murderer- you are like a slave- driver- you are like the Roman emperors!. She rebels against him for the first time and attacks him, giving the reader more insight to her thinking and her knowledge of the Roman emperors excels what a typical 10 year old would know. Her defiant nature and apparent strong-willed determination expresses her true opinions and emotions but by the end there is no one to support her and so John blames Jane for the fight, reflecting the isolation and loneliness of Janes life. Mrs Reed becomes oblivious to Johns violent nature, to the contrary she encourages her children to treat Jane as an outsider and takes every opportunity to neglect and punish her Jane moves to Lowood she hopes her previous problems with equality and justice are alleviated although Chapter 9: Irony is a prominent feature during the start of spring at Lowood, whilst greenness grew and sweeter flowers opening Jane was beginning to see hope for her future, although reference to death skeletons give the reader a clue of the near future. This subtle change of direction is an unexpected turning for the worst as Jane is beginning to feel freedom for the first time, snows were melted relate to her escape of imprisonment from being stiffened in frost to the less regimental life she now leads. As a result Jane has begun to realise there is life outside Lowood that consists of pleasure and enjoyment. The strong emotional language she uses show her happiness with such simplicity and enliven her of prospects to come. The start of spring means new life and a glimmer of hope for Jane conveyed through the use of pathetic fallacy golden-eyed pansies as greenness grew presenting a positive and fresh outcome for her, a clear contrast with her previous years at Lowood where she was shrouded with snow imprisoned by the strict rules and regulations enforced upon her. This effect can also account for her future, nature is at its epitome and Jane will soon escape from a terminating illness transmitted around Lowood. This devastation will end many of the students lives but the long-term benefits will provide Jane with what she has always wanted as a result of overcoming this diversion.

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter

The Last Spin by Evan Hunter Short Story Analysis How does the author position the reader towards the major theme using the narrative elements? Gangs affect everyone lives especially the people in the gang because other members make you do things that you don’t want to do or that is dangerous towards you or yourself. ‘The Last Spin’ by Evan Hunter is a short story about two boys from opposite gangs that were forced to settle an argument over territory. They did this by playing an extremely dangerous game (Russian roulette).What they didn’t expect though was that they would become closer by having conversations in between shots and finding things that they have in common. They don’t realise this for long however because there was a sudden end to one of their lives. I’ll be analysing how the reader is position by using the narrative elements. The setting for this short story is in the early 1960’s when gangs were common in America. Gangs were usually identified by the colour of their jackets (Dave wore a blue and gold jacket, and Tigo wore a green and orange one) and each had their own territory which the other was not allowed to cross into.When one gang would venture into another gangs territory the night before it would be decided how one member from each gang would settle the score. The author has placed Dave and Tigo in an enclosed basement to play the game; this creates a powerful and intense environment for the reader. The boys also try not to show any sign of fear because if they do it would make them feel incapable and powerless in the game. â€Å"’We going to sit and talk all night, or we going to get this thing rolling’ Dave asked†This quote shows that Dave is showing no sign of dread to Tigo, so that he looks and feels aggressive. The last spin gave descriptions of the two main and only characters in the story, which were Dave and Tigo. Tigo has large brown eyes and thick black hair. He also wears his gang’s jacket which is a green silk jacket with an orange stripe down each of the sleeves. Dave is a nervous, paled faced boy with dirty lips. His gang’s jacket is blue and gold. The author has described the jackets because it emphasizes that they are enemies. The jacket told Dave that Tigo was his enemy. The jacket Shrieked ‘Enemy, Enemy! ’ This quote shows how Dave knew Tigo was an enemy because of the colour of his jacket. This story keeps the reader in suspense as they don’t know when the gun will go off. They should also feel horrified at how the gangs in America used to settle arguments and that the boys kept adding bullets into the gun, putting their life at risk just so that they wouldn’t let the other gang members down. â€Å"He broke open the gun again, and slipped the second cartridge into the cylinder. Now we got two cartridges in here,’ he said† This quote reinforces how the gangs brainwash people to think that they have to take these kinds of risks just so they can be popular. The length of this sentence is used so that the reader can fear for the boys because they know the dangers of this game. The main theme in the short story ‘The Last Spin’ by Evan Hunter is gang culture. The gangs in the story make the careless decision of putting one of their fellow member’s lives at danger.The boys didn’t seem to care that they were going to play this game at first, then as the game went on they realised what a bad mistake it was so they make a deal. They would have one last spin before they end this terrible game. Unfortunately this last spin was the one that ended Dave’s life. â€Å"The explosion rocked the small basement room, ripping away half of Dave’s head, shattering his face. A sharp cry escaped Tigo’s throat, and a look of incredulous shock knifed his eyes.He then put his head on the table and began weeping. † This quote shows us that the intense atmosphere in the basement and the hope that the gun would click one last time made the sound of the shot become so real and the outcome unbearable for Tigo. It was also very powerful emotionally when you picture how Tigo reacted to realising he had just lost a friend. Tigo was devastated and knew that all of the plans that they had promised they would do together after the game, he would never be able to do with Dave.

Crucible Study Essay

Between February 1692 and may 1693 there were a series of hangings because of people accused of witchcraft in Salem Massachusetts. I think Abigail is the guiltiest person in the Crucible because she had an affair with John Proctor and tried to kill his wife. Abigail convinced a lot of people that witchcraft was real or intimidated them into going along with it. She also convinced the girls and herself to send many to their deaths. The first reason I believe Abigail is guilty is that she had an affair with John Proctor and tried to kill his wife. The affair happened when Abigail was in service as a maid to John and Elizabeth Proctor. Elizabeth was sickly and bedridden at the time. Then later in the story she stuck a needle in the poppet that Mary was making in the court house and accused Elizabeth of witchcraft so that when they go to search Elizabeth Proctor’s house, they would find the poppet with a needle stuck into it and then Abigail stabbed her self in the gut with a smal l needle to make it appear like voodoo. So then Elizabeth would get arrested and tried as a witch. If she wouldn’t confess then she would hang witch is exactly what Elizabeth wanted. She also approached John when he was alone multiple times trying to convince him to leave Elizabeth and run away with her. The more John ignored her and told her it wasn’t going to happen the more irritated and desperate she got driving Abby to get Elizabeth hung as mentioned above. The second reason I believe she is the guiltiest person in the novel is that she convinced a lot of people that witchcraft was real or intimidated them into going along with it. Such as when Parris sees them dancing in the woods she tries to cover it up and insists that nothing happened in the woods. But after continuous questioning and pressure she says that Tituba and Ruth were conjuring the spirits of Putnam’s dead babies. Mercy then shows up when Parris leaves and Abigail tells Mercy to say that they were dancing in the woods and that Parri s saw her naked. Abigail then tries to wake Betty to talk to her but she keeps faking ill. Abby tries to tell Betty that she admitted everything to Parris and that it’s ok now. But then Betty suddenly  wakes and tells Abby that she didn’t admit to drinking blood and drinking a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife. And then later when Mary tries to get Abby to confess she says â€Å"Witchery’s a hangin’ error! You’ll only be whipped for dancin’, and the other things!† But Abby tells her that they all took part so all of the girls would be whipped. Abby then tells the whole group of them that if anybody tells she’ll kill them in their sleep. And tells them you all know I can because my parents were killed by Indians in front of me when I was very young. The Final reason I believe that she is to blame is that she convinced or used the girls and herself to send many to their deaths. One of the first examples is how she used Mary Warren to get at Elizabeth Proctor by shoving the needle in Mary’s poppet that she was making for Elizabeth so that she could accuse Elizabeth of witchcraft and have her hung. Another good example is how she acted as if Mary Warren was sending her sprit out as a bird with talons and huge wings to make Mary seem like a witch when she was going to confess the truth behind the girls’ lies, and also how the girls were influenced by Abby’s actions. So in conclusion, Abigail had an affair with John Proctor and tried to kill his wife. She convinced many that witch craft was real or intimidated and threatened them into going along with it. Abigail also got or used the girls to send many people to jail and many to their deaths. Those are the reasons I am forced to believe that Abigail is to blame and it the guiltiest person in the story. Work Cited Mary Warren’s Quotes pages 18-19 Act One